Baseball As A First Negro Player - 866 Words

After World War II, Baseball was most beloved game in America. Africans had served their country gallantly with others. However, they return home fighting to free the world from tyranny only to find racism, Jim crawlism and segregation still waiting at home. The film is about the challenges Robinson face to come to play Baseball as a first negro player through social segregation. Segregation was the law and custom of the land. No other group was more scrupulous in its observance of customs than organized Baseball. In 1946, there were 16 Major Baseball teams consisting of 400 players and all of them was white. In 1947,Mr Ricky, innovative major league Baseball executive, stood apart to bring a colored ball player in Baseball. He offers Jacki that if he make it to Montreal, he could play with Brooklyn Dodgers with a good amount of salary. However, there was one condition that Jacki must control his temper by any means. Jacki replied, â€Å"You give me a uniform and a number on my back , and I will give you my temper†. Jacki got a jersey with 42 on the back. After signing the contract with Montreal Jacki got married with a fine young woman named Rachel. At the first day of spring training at Montreal he faced a few question from the reporters. He answered them with his intellect. In Daytona, Florida- police interrupt Jacki in the game, accusing him of hitting a white player in the field. But, it was legal by the game rules. April 18, 1946 in Jersey-city was the opening day ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Historical Significance of Negro Baseball Leagues953 Words   |  4 PagesNegro baseball leagues have a deep historical significance. Racism and â€Å"Jim Crow† laws encouraged segregation of African-Americans and whites. Arguably, the players on the negro baseball leagues were some of the best ever. Even today they are still being recognized and honored for their wonderful contribution to baseball as a whole. It started when major league owners ha d made a â€Å"gentleman’s agreement† to keep blacks from playing in the game. The barrier that went up was finally broken with a fewRead MoreJim Crow Laws For African Americans From Performing The Same Daily Activities1704 Words   |  7 Pages entrances, or water fountains as whites. Jim Crow laws had a large impact on baseball. African-Americans were not able to play in Major League Baseball. Because of this many all black baseball teams were formed. These teams eventually led to the formation of many negro baseball leagues throughout the United States. Eventually, Negro League Baseball became extremely popular in the black community. Negro League baseball contributed to the advancement of African-Americans by exchanging proceeds withRead MoreAfrican Americans Changed The Game1198 Words   |  5 PagesGame If there was never any Negro Leagues, then would African-American men still be playing baseball today? During the time of segregated baseball, the Negro Leagues helped economically in the African-American community. Once the Leagues started to fall in the mid-1900s, black men began playing in the same leagues as the white men, but they were mistreated by most white players and fans. Nowadays white men and black men play together without any discrimination. The Negro Leagues played a big role inRead MoreThe Unique History Of The Negro Baseball Leagues1379 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Negro Baseball Leagues. We will discuss how they were an integral part of the African American culture and what they meant to their communities. We will also discuss some of the more famous players of the Negro Leagues as well as take a look at what the impact of Jackie Robinson being the first African American to be signed to a professional Major League team was and how it affected the future of basebal l. Black American men were banned from being able to play professional baseball from theRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Negro Baseball League Essay670 Words   |  3 PagesFall of the Negro Baseball League For the better part of the 20th century, African American baseball players played under unequal opportunity. On one side of the field, European descendants were given a license to play this childrens game for money and national fame. While on the other side of the field, African slave descendants were also given a license to play - as long as they didnt encroach upon the leagues of the Caucasians. What was left over for African American player in terms ofRead MoreBaseball Has Been One Of The Most Popular Sports Since1059 Words   |  5 PagesBaseball has been one of the most popular sports since the 1700s. Over the years baseball was a segregated team. This changed once Jackie Robinson joined the major leagues. He was a well-known African American baseball player. â€Å"On April 15, 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the so-called color barrier by becoming the first African American to play in Major League Baseball† (Worker’s World, 2007). This created some controversy over t he years. With Robinson playing in the major leagues, this helped changeRead MoreBaseball s Favorite Pastimes Since The First League1417 Words   |  6 Pages†¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Baseball has been one of America’s favorite pastimes since the first league was formed, all the way to the present day.†¯The first section in this research paper will explain some of the games baseball was based on, the places they are from, how they are played, and the people who came up with the game. In the second section, some of the leagues will be listed, with some of the teams, who established the league, and when they were established. In the third section, famous players in baseballRead MoreHistory of Baseball1338 Words   |  6 Pagesteam to first reach four wins through seven games, the best of the teams wins. In this occasion, the New York Yankees defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers four games to three. Baseball today has many changes from 1952, such as team names. Todays World Series consist of the St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Red Sox, in which the Boston Red Sox defeated the St. Louis Cardinals four games to two. Baseball is Americas past time, some of the greatest players played in the past of baseball. What is Baseball? BaseballRead MoreInvisible Men763 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Invisible Men The Negro Leagues were one of the most important and influential movements to happen in baseball history. Without these ‘Invisible Men’, who knows where baseball’s racial standpoint with not only African American’s, but others such as Cuban, Dominican, and South American players, would be in the Major Leagues. Throughout the book, one pressing theme stays from beginning to end: Segregation. The Negro Leagues flourished from 1920 to 1951, with the first all-pro African AmericanRead MoreAmerica s Favorite Pastime And Jackie Robinson Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s Favorite Pastime and Jackie Robinson The game of baseball has been intertwined in our history. It has been there through the wars and the civil rights movements. The game has seen it all. There have been great players who have put their career’s on hold to fight for their country. â€Å"More than 500 major league baseball players during World War II, including stars like Ted Williams, Stan Musial and Joe DiMaggio†. There is one player that didn’t have to put his career on hold to fight for his

Breakdown of Choosing Civility - 1531 Words

When approaching meditation as a novice like anything new you begin to categorize and assign key ideas based on the generalization of the word. One would expect when discussing the topic of mediation key components would arise to conform to the American Heritage Dictionary definition, â€Å"a devotional exercise of contemplation or a contemplative discourse† (Heritage, 1982). In such an exercise as mediation how would a simple subject of civility impact your ability to reflect and improve on upon yourself? Forni proposes that, â€Å"as a society we take a new, close look at that intriguing code of behavior based on respect, restraint and responsibility we call civility† (M., 2002, p.14); with in mind, one can correlate the relationship civility†¦show more content†¦Twenty-five established rules allowed the doors of comprehension and the ability to personally relate and reflect to the authors’ view-points to open. As each of these rules plays a defining role in understanding the ability to practice civility, each rule is also a key component in assimilating how to improve on your meditation skills; understand what civility and mediation represent, Forni makes a solid statement that intertwines the two: â€Å"if anything, these rules may feel like a â€Å"longcut,† since civility requires work and dedication. But they do offer a path to serenity and contentment† (M., 2002, p.41). Since civility and mediation share multiple common grounds and house a wide variety of rules, three will be singled out in which I have found, the most beneficial to my own personal growth and understanding. How often do you find yourself being spoken to in an unkind manner or talked down to? Everyone at some point is guilty of this at one point or another in their life. Rule six is essentially addressing this issue, speak kindly. Most people do not realize the significance of verbal communication and if practiced incorrectly how detrimental i t can be to others. Breaking rule six is a drastic setback in improving your civility skills and can handicap you when it comes to many things. Forni immediately begins to state, â€Å"speaking with consideration and kindness is at the heart of civil behavior† (M., 2002, p.65). Without following this key ruleShow MoreRelatedLeadership Is An Art By Max De Pree (2004) Examines How1148 Words   |  5 Pagesserves† (as cited in Luke 22:27, New King James Version). Based on this, leaders owe organizations and followers the following: 1) Assets and a legacy, 2) â€Å"momentum,† 3) organizational effectiveness, and 4) the development, expression, and defense of â€Å"civility and values† (De Pree, 2004, p. 11-30). De Pree (2004) states that not fulfilling these four objectives amounts to living on the â€Å"dying edge† (p. 11-30). Simply put, authentic-participative servant leadership promotes progress on the â€Å"living edgeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Lord Of The Flies Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pageshave their respective golden ages of peace and prosperity, but eventually, they all begin to decline into disorder, their societies inevitably disappearing from the face of the earth. This consistent occurrence begs the question: What causes the breakdown of societal values and order in civilizations? This question is deeply explored in William Golding s novel, Lord of the Flies. In this story, a group of British boys have been stranded on an island, and in the time they spend on it, they createRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesan Effective Project Portfolio Management System 32 Problem 1: The Implementation Gap 32 Problem 2: Organization Politics 33 Problem 3: Resource Conflicts and Multitasking Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities 106 Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure 108 Major Groupings Found in a WBS 108 How WBS Helps the Project Manager 109 WBS Development 109 34 A Portfolio Management System Classification of the Project Financial Criteria 37 Nonfinancial Criteria 39 36 36 ApplyingRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagescontribute to failed projects. I would add one more. As the saying goes...Failing to plan is planning to fail. I ve been involved in project management for 18 years, and many of the items on the list occur because of an inadequate plan and/or breakdowns in communication. Keeping all stakeholders, sponsors and team members engaged and on the same page is one of the key roles of the PM. Communicating a clear, concise plan that addresses and overcomes poor expectations, requirements and resultsRead MoreService Gap in Airline Industry27895 Words   |  112 Pages business travelers are usually not the ones to make purchasing decision as the activity in the companies is often performed by a secretary or is outsourced to a travel agency. Shaw (2007) argues that even in the case when actual customer is not choosing the ticket, there are certain needs that have to be met to influence the decision. For example, people prefer easier solutions, and if one option requires calling an airline and another is online booking, the decision maker will most likely go theRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChoice Using Empathy to Negotiate More Ethically 468 Point/Counterpoint Player–Owner Disputes Are Unnecessary 471 Questions for Review 472 Experiential Exercise A Negotiation Role-Play 472 Ethical Dilemma The Lowball Applicant 473 Case Incident 1 Choosing Your Battles 473 Case Incident 2 Mediation: Master Solution to Employment Disputes? 474 S A L 15 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 What Is Organizational Structure? 480 Work Specialization 480 †¢ Departmentalization 482 †¢Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesunderstood by reference to the body of myths in a given culture that his strategy taps and manipulates, and the actions and values associated with and sanctioned by these myths. In brief, the charismatic leader is charismatic, because, in the breakdown of other means of legitimizing authority, he is able to evoke and associate with himself the sacred symbols of the culture.80 Richard H. Dekmejian and Margaret J. Wyszomirski express a similar point of view: â€Å"The revolutionary nature of the messageRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesfrom joining them. While the geographic scope of European migration may not have exceeded that of Chinese or Gujarati merchants, their ability to concentrate and reproduce themselves under favorable social and political conditions of their own choosing surely did surpass that of the Asian migrants. Global Migration and Global Inequalities An increasingly connected world grew hand in hand with an increasingly unequal world. Indeed, global migration resulted from inequalities and, in turn, alsoRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesti ce s Go ve rn m The HRM Functions 35 employees who are flexible and have a variety of skills in addition to their specific job description. It is these jobs that HRM must be prepared to fill.12 Many organizations are choosing to assist recruiting efforts by developing and promoting an employment â€Å"branding† strategy much the same way that consumer products have a distinct brand image. The image needs to fit the organizational strategy, mission, and values. Google, for

Artificial Intelligence Computational and Cognitive

Questions: 1. Should I stop waiting for the download to complete?2. Am I using right language for interaction?3. The old woman could not lift her little daughter because she was very weak. Who is weak?4. Should I slap a 2 year old child for splitting the soup over me? Why?5. Who is looking prettier between Samantha and Michel? Answers: Artificial Intelligence v/s Human Intelligence: The aim of the discussion is to identify the degree to which a computer with artificial intelligence is able to exhibit intelligent behaviour that is equivalent to a human. For the same purpose, a number of questions will be framed and explanation to determine whether the subject is a computer or human will be made. 1. As stated by Alan Turing, it is impossible for a computer to tell accurately whether to halt or not. Internet users often have to face troubles while downloading something (Turing 2014). Often we are stuck with the situation when downloading takes longer time. This situation can be easily traced by a human and the person can guide if the downloading has to be halted or not but the same advice or answer cannot be given by a computer because a computer can never inspect whether the program will halt or run forever. 2. As commented by Wenger (2014), language has more to do with personal interaction. The difficulty faced by machines to interpret particular meanings has been evident at many times. Artificial intelligence system has only to do with language processing task and not personal interaction. Thus, the difference between a humans and a machines approach can be easily evident. 3. If the question has to be answered logically and as programmed for the computers, the computer will say that the daughter is weak. However, the same question can be easily answered by a human because considering common sense of a person, the individual will be easily able to say that the old woman is weak and thus, she cannot lift the little child (Michalski et al. 2013). In case, if the child was weak, the woman could be able to lift her easily. 4. Malcolm Gladwell pointed out that computers with artificial intelligence do not have moral choices to analyse a situation and fit the rules into the fact. The question will not be answered properly by the computer with artificial intelligence (Gladwell 2012). With some vital programming the answer could be either yes or no but the reason of the answer cannot be provided by the computer. However, a human will say that it is immoral to slap a small child for such issues because it is an infant and such small issues are common. 5. It is evident that computers do not have the perception of telling whether a person is pretty or not. It completely depends on the understanding and perception of a living human to differentiate the looks or appearance between two persons. Unless the computer is programmed with the two mentioned names, getting an answer (whether correct or incorrect) is not possible (Turing 2012). However, assertion can be easily made by a human on the looks or appearance of people. Reference List: Gladwell, M., 2012.Blink: The Power of Thinking Without [thinking]. CNIB. Michalski, R.S., Carbonell, J.G. and Mitchell, T.M. eds., 2013.Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach. Springer Science Business Media. Turing, A., 2012. The father of computing.Quest,8(4), p.3 Turing, A., 2014. Turing: Oracles and Computation.ITNOW,56(1). Wenger, E., 2014.Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann.

Taylorism free essay sample

Taylorism Scientific management, also known as Taylorism, was an innovative theory that maximized production efficiency within the manufacturing industries in the late 19th century. The main goal of this management theory was to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. The way it worked was that scientific management removed autonomy of skilled workers, but rather it simplified Job tasks so that Job could be performed even by unskilled workers who could be easily trained. Before scientific management, workers had to learn necessary skills in a long ime period until they become skilled enough. However, all these started when Fredrick Taylor, the person who invented this theory, noticed inefficiency or soldiering in the steel industries. Although scientific management seems to have succeeded in transforming inefficiency into efficiency and only have good sides due to its effects, it was a highly controversial subject in many areas. In the steel industry, Taylor observed inefficiency among workers where they worked far below their capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Taylorism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It did not matter if the workers were smart, because ven smart workers tended to work far below their capacity and did not put enough effort for several reasons. They were basically unmotivated. He later found out that employees that are forced to work meaningless and repetitive tasks usually perform at the slowest rate. There were some reasons behind its slowness. One of the main reasons would be workers tend to think that if they work at their best abilities and become more productive, fewer of them will be needed thus Jobs will be eliminated. One another reason was non-incentive wage system back in the 19th century. This non-incentive wage system ultimately discouraged workers to work with their full potential, because they get paid the same amount whether they work fast or slow. Also, through the non-incentive wage system, workers tried to convince their employers that slow paced work is better, because they thought if they start working fast, they feared that would become a new standard of employers. In order to resolve problems arisen from soldiering and improve efficiency, Taylor constructed experiments to determine the best level of tasks for each Job and what is necessary o perform the tasks. Fredrick Taylor strongly believed that scientific methods will minimize these problems above and increase efficiency more than the initiative and incentive method would work. Although the initiative and incentive method offered incentives to good workers so that work efficiency increases, but responsibility of how to figure out things was still placed on workers. To prove his methods work, he firstly performed an experiment called time studies (time and motion studies) in order to determine the best way to perform Jobs. It used stopwatches to time workers sequence of motions. Basically he proved through the experiment that even though workers are incentivized to do extra works, lets say extra move of more tons per day, they would become exhausted after a few hours, because of the physical capability. extra amounts, workers are able to work extra without being tired and exhausted. Also it suggested that employees should be selected according to how well they are suited for a particular Job. After Fredrick Taylor experimented for a long time with his scientific management, e finally concluded some principles in order to achieve his original goal: to improve productivity in labor. One of them would be replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. Second thing would be scientifically select, train, and develop each workers rather than Just leaving them to train themselves. Again, each worker has to do what they are good at in order to maximize its productivity and efficiency in labor. He also thought not only implement scientific method is important, but he thought cooperating with the workers to nsure that the scientifically developed methods are being followed is also important. Obviously, scientific management is considered to be the reason why industries were able to improve themselves along with improving efficiency. And it is obvious to say that the scientific management has affected the societys work environment positively. For instance, this principle was implemented in many factories, often increasing labor productivity. Its success even affected a known man Henry Ford and his automobile factories. Even average families in households egan to do household tasks based on the principles of time and motion studies. However, although scientific management is known to improve labor efficiency, it added monotony to workers. Although many of workers accepted the management theory, many denied because of the use of stopwatch. Some workers thought the use of stopwatch is inhumane and they started to protest on it. Despite its controversy, the scientific management method definitely changed the way of the work environment and the way workers work into a positive way, and its form continues to be used even today. Taylorism free essay sample Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by UNIVERSITY OF SURREY For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www. emeraldinsight. com/authors for more information. About Emerald www. emeraldinsight. com That aspect of the factory’s activities on which Thompson’s report focused is the inspection department described by Taylor[4,5]. He notes that in this department the women inspectors were employed at the task of inspecting ball-bearings for defects. This was work that required great skill and very close attention. When Taylor began work at the plant the women were employed ten-and-a-half hours per day. On Saturdays, a half holiday was allowed, so the women worked a 58-hour week which was the full limit allowed by law. We will write a custom essay sample on Taylorism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the first two months after piecework was introduced, the women continued to labour ten-and-a-half hours per day. It was found, however, that they had difficulty maintaining the degree of concentration required. On both day work and piecework, the inspectors became tired before the day was done. Accordingly, in August of 1897 the hours of labour were shortened from tenand-a-half to nine-and-a-half per day and a recess of five minutes was allowed in the middle of the morning and the middle of the afternoon. Notwithstanding this shortening of hours, both the quality and the quantity of output improved. Overall, the workers produced 33 per cent more work than they had the previous month. As the inspectors were still adjusting to piecework, Taylor decided it was not possible to determine to what extent the increased output was a result of the shorter hours. However, the next increase in hourly productivity he perceived as being solely the product of the reduction of worktime. Once convinced â€Å"things were working very smoothly† in the inspection department, Taylor reduced the workday to eight-and-a-half hours and increased the morning and afternoon breaks to ten minutes[8, p. ]. This hour’s reduction again had a positive effect on hourly output. The increase in productivity, however, was only sufficient to balance the reduction in hours. In other words, although overall output was maintained, it did not increase as it had in July. As output had only been maintained with the second reduction it was assumed the most efficient balance of worktime and work intensity had probably been achieved. Given this situation it was decided to leave the working day at eight-and-a-half hours and no further reductions in hours were introduced. In concluding the report, Thompson observed that it should not be believed that the eight-and-a-half hour day was an optimum that ought to be adopted in all situations. Different types of work would almost certainly require a different balance of working hours and work intensity. Knowledge of the optimum time schedule in any given case should not be presumed but should be based on careful, empirical testing. If this form of testing was undertaken, he concluded, a very substantial case could be developed for extending the reduction of working hours throughout industry: Taylorism and hours of work 11 JMH 1,2 2 It is not too much to claim †¦ that in a vast number of cases, especially in industrial establishments, the length of day might be shortened to the advantage of both the workman and the capitalist, provided that some incentive be given to the worker, such as the promise, if he is a piece-worker, that his rate per piece will not be cut if he exerts himself[8, p. 9]. A second most important observation regarding the limits of worktime reductions was also advanced. Thompson noted that logically there must be a limit to the extent to which the shortening of hours, in itself, has a positive effect on output.